Roman Numeral Converter

Convert between Arabic and Roman numerals.

Arabic Number (1-3999)
Roman Numeral
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Convert Arabic numbers to Roman numerals and vice versa instantly. This history and math tool runs entirely client-side in your browser.

How to use it

  1. Enter a number between 1 and 3999, or a Roman numeral.
  2. Convert in the direction you need.
  3. Copy the result.

Frequently asked questions

Why does it stop at 3999?

Because standard notation has no symbol above M for a thousand. Larger values needed an overline to multiply a numeral by a thousand, which plain text cannot show.

How does subtractive notation work?

A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted: IV is four, IX is nine, XL is forty, CM is nine hundred. Only I, X and C are used this way.

Is there a Roman numeral for zero?

No. The system has no zero and no negative numbers, which is precisely why arithmetic with it is so awkward.

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